Catalog Number: TP-241

Size: Protein A purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with mouse BLC, was generated using E. coli-expressed mouse BLC as an immunogen. The tested titer forWestern blot is 1:5,000. Cross-reactivity to BLC of other species has not been determined.

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Background: BLC (B-lymphocyte chemoattractant, murine equivalent of human B cell-attracting chemokine-1, BCA-1) is a 12 kDa, recently characterized ELR-CXC chemokine. BLC showed high levels of expression in spleen, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes. It is reported as the ligand of CXCR5. It attracts primarily B cells in vitro. Cell lines transfected with CXCR5 demonstrate both chemotaxis and calcium flux in response to BLC.

References:

1. Gunn, M., et al. (1998) A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles activates Burkitt's lymphoma receptor-1. Nature 391:799-803

2. Legler, D., et al. (1998) B cell attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J Exp Med. 187(4):655-660

Catalog Number: TP-214

Size: Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural human eotaxin, was generated using E. coli-expressed amino acid 1-74 of mature human eotaxin as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western blot is 1:5,000. There is no cross-reactivity to mouse eotaxin; cross reactivity to eotaxin of other species has not been determined.

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Background: Eotaxin is a 74-amino acid, eosinophil-chemotactic CC chemokine originally found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from allergic inflammatory subjects. The chemokine is involved in regulating the recruitment and activation of inflammatory leukocytes, particularly eosinophils. Eotaxin binds and activates the CCR3 chemokine receptor, and may play a fundamental role in the development of allergic responses.

References:

1. Jose, P.J. et al. (1994) Eotaxin: a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of allergic airways inflammation. J Exp Med 179: 881-887

2. Kitaura, M. et al. (1996) Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. J Biol Chem 271:7725-7730

3. Garcia-Zepeda, E.A. et al. (1996) Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia. Nat Med 2:449-456

Catalog Number: TP-215

Size: Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural mouse eotaxin, was generated using E. coli-expressed amino acid 1-74 of mature mouse eotaxin as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western blot is 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to eotaxin of other species has not been determined.

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Background: Eotaxin is a 74-amino acid eosinophil-chemotactic CC chemokine originally found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from allergic inflammatory subjects. It is involved in regulating the recruitment and activation of inflammatory leukocytes, particularly eosinophils. It may play a fundamental role in the development of allergic responses.

References:

1. Jose, P.J. et al. (1994) Eotaxin: a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of allergic airways inflammation. J Exp Med 179: 881-887

2. Kitaura, M. et al. (1996) Molecular cloning of human eotaxin, an eosinophil-selective CC chemokine, and identification of a specific eosinophil eotaxin receptor, CC chemokine receptor 3. J Biol Chem 271:7725-7730

3. Garcia-Zepeda, E.A. et al. (1996) Human eotaxin is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophil cells and provides a new mechanism to explain tissue eosinophilia. Nat Med 2:449-456

4. Ganzalo, J.S. et al. (1996) Mouse eotaxin expression parallels eosinophil accumulation during lung allergic inflammation but it is not restricted to a Th2-type response. Immunity 4:1-14

Catalog Number: TP-213

Size: Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural fractalkine of mouse, rat, and human, was generated using E. coli-expressed chemotactic domain of human fractalkine as an immunogen. To achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each application as follows: Western blot (1:1,000-1:5,000);Immunoprecipitation (1:300-1:800); Immunohistochemistry (1:100-1:500). Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species has not been determined.

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Background: Fractalkine, also known as neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid precursor and consists of a chemokine domain of 76 amino acids, a mucin stalk of 241 amino acids, a putative transmembrane domain of 18 amino acids, and an intracellular tail of 37 amino acids. Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine residues are separated by 3 amino acids (CX3C). Fractalkine message is found in high abundance in the brain, kidney, lung and heart tissues. Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and other leukocytes including NK cells and may play a role in brain inflammation.

References:

1. Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644

2. Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617

3. Imai, T. et al. (1997) Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell 91:521-530

Catalog Number: TP-237

Size: Protein A purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.2 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only.This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural human fractalkine, was generated using E. coli-expressed intracellular domain (aa 379-397) of human fractalkine as an immunogen. This antibody has been tested on Western blot at the dilution of 1:2,000. Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species has not been determined.

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Background: Fractalkine, also known as neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid precursor and consists of a chemokine domain of 76 amino acids, a mucin stalk of 241 amino acids, a putative transmembrane domain of 18 amino acids, and an intracellular tail of 37 amino acids. Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine residues are separated by 3 amino acids (CX3C). Fractalkine message is found in high abundance in the brain, kidney, lung and heart tissues. Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and other leukocytes including NK cells, lymphocytes, and may play a role in brain inflammation.

References:

1. Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644

2. Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617

3. Imai, T. et al. (1997) Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion. Cell 91:521-530

Catalog Number: TP-203

Size: Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural rat fractalkine, was generated using E. coli-expressed chemotactic domain of rat fractalkine as an immunogen. To achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each application: Western blot (1:1,000-1:2,000); Immunoprecipitation (1:300-1:800);Immunohistochemistry (1:100-1:500). Less than 20 % cross-reactivity to human Fractalkine. Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species has not been determined.

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Background: Fractalkine, also termed neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid precursor consisting of a chemokine domain (76 amino acids), a mucin stalk of 241 residues, a putative transmembrane domain (18 amino acids), and an intracellular tail of 37 amino acids. Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine residues are separated by 3 amino acids. Fractalkine message is found at high concentrations in the brain, and also in kidney, lung and heart. Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and may play a role in brain inflammation.

References:

1. Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644

2. Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617

3. Harrison, J.K., et al. (1998) Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(18):10896-10901

Catalog Number: TP-233

Size: Purified rabbit immunoglobulins, 0.5 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This neutralizing polyclonal antibody, which reacts with recombinant and natural mouse fractalkine, was generated using E. coli-expressed chemotactic domain of mouse fractalkine as an immunogen. To achieve best results, titrate antibody by dilution for each application: Western blot (1:1,000-1:2,000); Immunoprecipitation (1:300-1:800);Immunohistochemistry (1:100-1:500). Less than 30 % cross-reactivity to human and rat Fractalkine. Cross-reactivity to fractalkine of other species has not been determined.

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Background: Fractalkine, also termed neurotactin, is a membrane-bound CX3C chemokine. The mature protein is part of a 397-amino acid precursor consisting of a chemokine domain (76 amino acids), a mucin stalk of 241 residues, a putative transmembrane domain (18 amino acids), and an intracellular tail of 37 amino acids. Within the chemokine domain the first two cysteine residues are separated by 3 amino acids. Fractalkine message is found at high concentrations in the brain, and also in kidney, lung and heart. Fractalkine is chemotactic for monocytes and may play a role in brain inflammation.

References:

1. Bazan, J.F. et al. (1997) A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif. Nature 385:640-644

2. Pan, Y. et al. (1997) Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation. Nature 387:611-617

3. Harrison, J.K., et al. (1998) Role for neuronally derived fractalkine in mediating interactions between neurons and CX3CR1-expressing microglia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(18):10896-10901

Catalog Number: TP240

Size: Protein A purified rabbit IgG, 0.2 mg

Product Description and Usage: For research use only. This polyclonal antibody, which reacts with rat IP-10, was generated using E. coli-expressed rat IP-10 as an immunogen. The tested titer for Western blot is 1:5,000. Cross-reactivity to IP-10 of other species has not been determined.

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Background: IP-10 (interferon-gamma induced protein 10 kD; in mouse, also called cytokine responsive gene 2, Crg-2, or mob-1) is a highly inducible, primary response gene that belongs to the CXC chemokine superfamily. It was first cloned in 19851. The biological functions of IP-10 are still unclear. Like Mig, IP-10 has no activity on neutrophils. Its functions include stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, regulation of T-cell and bone marrow progenitor maturation, modulation of adhesion molecule expression as well as inhibition of angiogenesis. Mig and IP-10 share the same receptor, CXCR32,3.

References:

1. Luster, A.D., et al. (1985) Gamma-interferon transcriptionally regulates an early-response gene containing homology to platelet proteins. Nature 315(6021):672-676

2. Neville, L.F., et al. (1997) The immunobiology of interferon-gamma inducible protein 10 kD (IP-10): a novel, pleiotropic member of the C-X-C chemokine superfamily. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 8(3):207-219

3. Farber, J.M. (1997) Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 61:246-257

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